ELC501 STUDIES

 Chapter 7 1. Purpose for writing Let me explain one by one : 2. Tone - there is two type of tones Objective - impersonal, unbiased, unemotional Subjective - personal, biased, emotional 3. Audience  A specific person - example : the chief of police, a government minister, a company director. A group of people - example : schoolchildren, youths, parents, club members, doctors, teachers. The general public - society at large, the locals.  4. Biased in Language - refers to the use of words and phrases which are considered prejudiced, offensive and hurtful. - exclude people based on : social class, age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, skin colour or any physical or mental traits and even professions. ✅ SUMMARY OF THIS TOPIC The author's choice and order of words are used to convey different purpose, tones and biases to an intended audience. 

 Chapter 6 : Deductive reasoning, Inductive Reasoning and Assumptions in arguments. 1. Argument - an argument consists of statements which form the premise (or premises) and a conclusion.  Premise indicators : Conclusion indicators : 2. Reasoning - there's two main types of reasonings (deductive and inductive) Deductive - the arguments starts from a general statement or rule (conclusion or claim), followed by the premises on which it is based. Inductive - starts with specific observation and then followed by general conclusions. 3. Assumptions- the information that is not stated or is presupposed by the author in the argument. Assumptions can also be either accurate or inaccurate, logical or illogical, and justified or unjustified. the missing or presupposed information in an arguments. 4. Inference - a conclusion made based on given information. Inference and assumptions can be either accurate or inaccurate, logical or illogical, and justified or unjustified. ✅ SUMMARY O...

 Chapter 5 Inference   A logical conclusion that is made based on observation or assumed facts. When readers make an inference, they try to understand what the text is all about by using clues from the text and also from their prior knowledge, personal belief, experiences and assumptions. Readers find clues in the form of facts or other supporting details to infer from in the reading text. Drawing conclusions A conclusion is drawn as the next step after giving thoughtful consideration to what has been read. When drawing conclusion, readers go beyond the literal meaning of the text to derive interpretive meanings, but at the same time rely on the facts put forward by the author. Readers should also be aware that inferences and conclusions may not be present in each paragraph. ✅ SUMMARY  - Making inferences and drawing conclusions are very similar skills. Each skill requires the readers to fill in the gaps (of information) omitted by the author. - The readers have to observ...